Saturday, October 29, 2022

推介史威登堡(Swedenborg)的著述

 NDE(瀕死經歷)的記錄加強了我對來生的信念。然而,瀕死經歷也令人困惑,因為沒有兩個瀕死經歷是相同的。此外,即使是基督徒,經歷者匯報的天堂和地獄形像也是不同的。因此,我們難以透過瀕死經歷來確定天堂和地獄的實況。相關見證讓我覺得屬靈世界真的是一個很大的奧秘,以至於我們每個人都只能瞥見靈界(spiritual world)實況的一隅。

瀕死經歷的一個共同特徵是魂遊像外(out of body, OBE)的現像。例如,瀕死經歷者可能會看到及於事後準確地描述他們被搶救過程;他們在無意識狀態下,靈魂可以離開身體(OBE)看到正在進行的事情。一些瀕死經歷者甚至報告說看到了他們以前不認識已去世的親屬,並在他們復甦後得到證明(例如亞歷山大(Eben Alexander)見到已過世妹妹,伯爾普(Colton Burpo)遇到了因流產過世的姊姊)。這些佐證是基督徒相信有來生的合理證據。因此,相信人的本質是靈魂不再是牽強附會或憑空想像的了。

雖然史威登堡(Swedenborg)的著作給了讀者們不少的啟迪,我需要指出他的論說並非全部符合傳統基督教會的教義;例如,人們過世後進入地獄是出於他們的選擇而不是強迫的。他認為我們選擇天堂還是地獄,取決於我們在世時最喜歡的事物。此外,史威登堡是「一神論者」(Unitarian)而非「三一論者」(Trinitarian);他的論說跟傳統教義還有其他偏差呢。所以,請讀者們自行決定是否仍要研究他的論說呢。根據史威登堡的說法,人必須努力善用自己的理性和自由意志來作出合理的抉擇。

雖然我不是史威登堡追隨者,但我卻受到他論說的啟迪,例如上帝是愛與真理的結合、耶穌成為神聖的人(divine human)、世人被上帝賦予了自由意志和理性,在萬有中存在著一個神聖的設計(divine design)等等。顯然,我會對超出我理解或理性的論說保持中立;例如,我不確定在我過世後天堂和地獄會如何展現,又或者其他星球上是否存在外星生命呢?事實上,我有很多東西要學習和反思,因為我已經接受了屬靈世界是一個很大的奧秘

史威登堡正確地指出教會是承載真道(Word),並能讓人透過真道而認識 主耶穌(神)的實體。因此,只要滿足上述定義,主耶穌的教會可以是會眾的整體或個別信徒。此外,教會也有實物或精神的層次。不幸的是,當代基督教會中的宗派主義對屬神教會的大公性是有損的。我的立場是:我們應該以誠懇的態度來避免就我們無法理解的重大屬靈奧秘(例如大災難和主再來)進行不必要和徒勞的爭論,因為沒有人能像上帝那樣無所不知。

我需要提一下真理的意義;我們如何知道真理呢?我的回答是兩重的。首先,人類可以通過經驗和推理來發現真理(相對)。透過這一途徑,我們對真理的追求是漸進的,相關的旅程是無止境的。例如,恩培多克勒(Empedocles)等古代哲學家認為所有物質都由四種元素組成,而現代科學發現將我們導向原子理論來解釋物質的組成。順帶一提,當中認知(knowing)的本質涉及人的感知(sensing)、理性(rationality)、實驗(經驗)(experiment/experience)和合理的選擇(choice)

另外,基督徒相信上帝是終極絕對的真理。如果我們接受上帝在存在和因果關係方面是終極的存有(being),我們很可能會接受史威登堡的觀點,即對上帝本性的認識主要是通過神聖的啟示(divine revelation)而得。這是因為我們屬世的能力是有限的,而上帝則是無限!作為參考,你可以觀看庫恩(Robert L. Kuhn)的頻道:“什麼是真理? |第1405集|更接近真相” (只有英語)

我在信仰上的理性探索亦跟庫恩的類似。事實上,量子力學發現微觀原子事件主要是概率性(probabilistic)發生,以及來自某些社運議程的挑戰,它們吹噓性別不應只限於生物定義,反而應是按個人的選擇而決定!實在令人詫異!這都激發了我對宇宙和人類的新理解。當聖經教導與屬世的世界觀有衝突時,我應如何理解和面對相關衝突呢?

由於我只是一個普通人,我沒有理由聲稱我真知道 上帝或祂的真理。然而,我的經歷確實使我建立了對 主耶穌的信心。史威登堡關於他的靈界體驗之著述給了我很多啟發和幫助。例如,邪惡或撒旦是相對於神聖美善的缺失(或破壞),牠們都不是起初就存在的;某人的本質是某人最喜歡的事物;利他的人(愛 主和他們的鄰居)便屬於天堂,自私自利的人(愛世界和自己的人)則屬於地獄。

我這文章旨在分享和彼此交流;它亦是針對我相關理解和能力的一種測試。 我希望能激發你的興趣,讓你能誠實和理性地探索你人生的優次和目標。如果你同意自由意志和理性是人類的本能,我相信只要你好好善用這些本能,總會幫助你發現自己的目的和相信上帝。

讓我引用箴言[25:2]作為總結:
將事隱祕乃神的榮耀,
將事察清乃君王的榮耀
願 上帝祝福我們!

Howard

參考:
1. 史威登堡是誰
2. 史威登堡瘋了嗎
Click here for English version

Friday, October 28, 2022

Introducing Emanuel Swedenborg's Writings

NDE (near-death experience) reports have strengthened my belief in the afterlife. However, NDEs are also bewildering in that no 2 NDEs are identical. Furthermore, the images of Heaven and Hell are different among even Christians. NDEs are therefore not conclusive regarding the reality of Heaven and Hell. This leads me to think that the spiritual world is really a big mystery so that each of us could only get a limited glimpse of the ultimate reality.

A common characteristic of NDEs is anout-of-body experience. For example, NDErs may see, and later accurately describe, their own resuscitation. They saw ongoing events from a location apart from the physical body while unconscious (out-of-body). Some NDErs even reported seeing dead relatives unknown to them previously whom could be verified after their coming back to life (e.g. EbenAlexanderColton Burpo said he met hismiscarried sister). Such facts (or evidence) are the reasonable evidence for the Christian belief in the Afterlife. Consequently, the belief of our essence as spirits is no longer far-fetched or imaginary.

While Swedenborg’s writings are a source of inspiration for his readers, I need to point out that he is unorthodox over a number of Church doctrines. For instance, Hell is chosen by those entering it without compulsion. He opined that we choose either Heaven or Hell according to what we love most. Besides, Swedenborg is a Unitarian rather than Trinitarian. There are other deviations, too. Thus, you have to decide if you’d like to research any further about Swedenborg. According to Swedenborg, one has to decide and pick one’s choice with a diligent exercise of one’s free will and rationality.

Though I am not a Swedenborgian, I’m inspired by his ideas about God (as the union of Love and Truth), Jesus becoming the Divine Human, we are endowed with free will and rationality by God and there is a Divine Design in the Creation, etc. Obviously, I remain neutral over ideas which are beyond my understanding or rationality. For example, I am uncertain what will happen exactly in Heaven and Hell after my earthly journey and of the existence of alien life forms in other planets. In fact, there is a lot for me to learn and reflect upon as I’ve accepted that the spiritual world is a big mystery.

Swedenborg is right in pointing out that the Church is where there is the Word and through which the Lord Jesus (God) would be made known to the believer. Thus, the Lord’s Church include both a congregation and the individual believer as long as the aforementioned definition is met. Furthermore, the Church can be physical and spiritual. Unfortunately, the phenomenon of denominationalism among contemporary Christian churches is harmful to the idea of an earthly Catholic Church. My stand is that we should be honest and refrain ourselves from the unnecessary and unfruitful argument over profound spiritual mysteries beyond our understanding (e.g. the Great Tribulation and the second coming of the Lord Jesus) as no human being is as omniscient as God.

A word on truth is required here. How do we know truth? My answer is twofold. First, human beings can discover truth (relative) through experience and reasoning. In this respect, our quest for truth is progressive and the concerned journey is endless. For instance, ancient philosophers such as Empedocles argued that all matter was composed of four elements while modern scientific discovery leads us to the atomic theory to explain what matter is. It is important to note that the essence of knowing involves human sensing, rationality, experiment (experience) and reasonable choice.

Second, Christians believe in God who is the ultimate absolute Truth. If we accept that God is ultimate in terms of existence and causation, we would likely accept Swedenborg’s idea that the knowledge of God’s nature is mainly given through divine revelation. This is because our earthly capability is limited while God is infinite. As an illustration, you can refer to Robert Kuhn’s quest for truth at “What is Truth? | Episode1405 | Closer To Truth”.

My search of Truth in relation to my faith follows a similar quest of Kuhn’s.  Indeed, the emerging ideas of quantum mechanics where the atomic events are mainly probabilistic and challenges from the agenda where gender is redefined as what one wish to be do stimulate my understanding of both the cosmos and the human race. How could I understand and explain such worldly phenomena when the Bible teaches us a different world view?

As I am just an ordinary person, I have no ground to claim that I know God or Truth. Nevertheless, my experience does lead me to build up my faith in the Lord Jesus. Swedenborg’s writings on his spiritual experiences give me much enlightenment and help. For example, evil or Satan is the lack (or breach) of divine Good rather than a substantial existence. The essence of a person is what he/she loves most. Altruistic persons (who love the Lord and their neighbors) belong to Heaven while egoistic (who love the world and themselves) Hell.

My article is aimed at sharing and exchanging views and understanding. It also helps me test my understanding and use of my ability. I hope I can stir up your interest to honestly and rationally discover your priorities and life purpose. If you agree to free will and rationality as fundamental human instincts, using and applying such instincts could benefit you in your discovery of your purpose and existence of God.

Let me quote Proverb 25:2 as a summary:
It is the glory of God to conceal a matter,
But the glory of kings is to search out a matter.
May God bless us!

Howard

Reference:
1.    Who was Swedenborg https://youtu.be/HEa0e8AcS78
2.    Was Swedenborg Crazy? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_ZP30NFYf8
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